To Bake Smelts

Thoroughly drying the fish removes surface moisture that would otherwise steam the fish and prevent browning. Buttering both the pan and the fish creates a fat barrier that conducts heat efficiently while preventing sticking, and the butter in contact with the hot pan browns to add nutty flavor. The bread crumb coating absorbs butter and crisps in the oven's dry heat, creating textural contrast to the delicate fish while protecting it from overcooking.